Unit 8 How was your school trip?教案、备课
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
一. 单元目标：
1. 学习询问和谈论过去发生的事情。
2. 通过调查了解全班同学上周末的活动。
3. 通过描写“难忘的假日”，“秋游…”和日记摘抄，学习谈论过去发生的事情。
二. 语言结构：
1. 规则动词和不规则动词的一般过去式。
2. 一般过去时的肯定句和否定句。
3. Did you, Were there引导的一般疑问句。
三. 重点词汇：
1. aquarium n. 水族馆
2. science center科学中心
3. gift shop礼品商店
4. seal n. 海豹
5. shark n. 鲨鱼
6. octopus n. 章鱼
7. autograph n. 亲笔签名
8. win v. 获胜，赢
9. ate v. （eat的过去式）吃
10. took v. （take的过去式）乘坐、花费
11. hung out （hang out）外出
12. got v. （get的过去式）得到
13. go for a drive开车兜风
14. sleep late 睡得晚
15. yard sale 现场旧货出售
16. day off 放假
四. 重点短语：
1. take photos 照相
2. at the aquarium 在水族馆
3. win a prize 获得奖品
4. on the school trip 在学校旅行
5. have a great time 玩得愉快
6. watch a dolphin show 看一场海豚表演
7. after that 那以后
8. at the end of … 在…结束 在…末尾
9. on the day off 在假日里
10. all day 一整天
11. come back from… 在…回来
五. 重难点解析：
1. 复习一般过去时
一般过去时态是谈论过去最常用的时态，它可以表示短暂而很快就完的动作和事情，时间较长的动作和状况以及重复发生的事情，句中通常有明确的一般过去时的时间状语。
（1）常见的一般过去时时间状语：
yesterday昨天 last month上个月
last year去年 an hour ago一小时前
just now刚才 the day before yesterday前天
a moment ago刚才 in the past从前
（2）be动词的过去时变化形式：
was，单数；were，复数（you表示“你”也用were）.
（3）一般过去时的陈述句和疑问句形式。
陈述句形式同一般现在时形式一样，只须将be动词改为过去时即可。
疑问句形式：be动词过去时的一般疑问句，须将was或were提至主语前。回答用Yes或No。请见下列例句：
<1>－Were you at school yesterday?
昨天你在学校吗？
－Yes, I was. （肯定回答）
－No, I wasn’t. （否定回答）
<2>I was not at school yesterday.
昨天我不在学校。
<3>I was ill at home.
我生病呆在家里。
如果陈述句中的动词为一般过去时的实义动词，变成疑问句时要用助动词do的过去一般式did帮助构成，这
时谓语动词用动词原形。请见下列例句：
<4>We had different kinds of seafood yesterday?
昨天我们吃了各种不同的海鲜。
改为一般疑问句为：
Did you have different kinds of seafood yesterday?
昨天你们吃了各种不同的海鲜了吗？
关于be动词，行为动词，there be结构的一般过去时的肯定式，否定式，疑问式及简略答语，请参看下表。
动词肯定式否定式
beI was…
He（She, It）was…
We（You, They）were…I was not （wasn’t）…
He（She, It）was not （wasn’t）…
We（You, They）were not （weren’t）…
workI（You, He, She, It, We, You, They）worked. I（You, He, She, It, We, You,
They）
did not （didn’t）work.
there beThere was…
There were…There was not （wasn’t）…
There were not （weren’t）…
疑问式和简略答语
动词第一人称第二人称第三人称
was I …?
Yes, you were.
No, you were not. Were you …?
Yes, I was.
No, I was not. Was he （she, it）…?
Yes, he （she, it）was.
No, he （she, it）was not.
beWere we …?
Yes, we （you）were.
No, we （you）were not. Were you …?
Yes, we were.
No, we were not. Were they …?
Yes, they were.
No, they were not.
Did I work?
Yes, you did.
No, you did not. Did you work?
Yes, I did.
No, I did not. Did he （she, it）work?
Yes, he （she, it）did.
No, he （she, it）did not.
workDid we work?
Yes, we （you）did.
No, we（you）did not. Did you work?
Yes, we did.
No, we did not. Did they work?
Yes, they did.
No, they did not.
there be Was there a / any …?
Yes, there was.
No, there was not. Were there any…?
Yes, there were.
No, there were not.
关于动词的过去式构成及发音
（1）规则变化
构成规则例词
一般动词原形末尾加-edhelp－helped
watch－watched
play－played
结尾是e的动词加-ddecide－decided
like－liked
live－lived
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstop－stopped
plan－planned
fit－fitted
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edcarry－carried
worry－worried
study－studied
（2）不规则变化
have / has →had come→came do/does→did
go→went read→read/red/ know→knew/nju:/
find→found drive→drove hear→heard
see→saw meet→met fly→flew
buy→bought drink→drank forget→forgot
feel→felt give→gave leave→left
grow→grew keep→kept
有些词形不发生变化：
let－let cut－cut shut－shut
put－put hit－hit hurt－hurt
cost－cost beat－beat
2. win v. （won, won）赢，获胜
表示在强的竞争中取得了胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。
eg: He won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
他在一九二一年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖金。
Which side won?
哪一边胜了？
3. hang v. “挂”，“吊、绞”，一词多义，并且有两个过去式形式，要注意：
hang－hanged, hanged意为“绞死，吊死”
hang－hung, hung意为“悬挂、垂吊”
eg: He was hanged on the neck.
他被处于绞刑。
The picture was hung on the wall.
图画挂在墙上。
4. look, see, watch都有“看”的意思，但用法不一。
（1）look（at）意味着集中注意力地看，是有意的、强调动作，look是不及物动词，如果跟宾语，要和at连用。
eg: Please look at the blackboard.
请看黑板。
The old man was looking at him from head to foot.
这位老人从头到脚地看着他。
（2）see强调结果，意为“看见、看到”
eg: I looked but saw nothing.
我看了，但什么也没看见。
We went to see seals on the school trip.
学校旅行时我们去看了海豹。
（3）watch表示所看事物的变化，意为“观看”。
eg: We watched that boy swim.
我们观看那个男孩游泳。
The students watched a movie about dolphins.
学生们看了一场海豚的电影。
5. That sounds interesting. 那听起来很有趣。
此句中sound作系动词，后接形容词、名词，意为“听起来…”
eg: （1）That sounds really boring.
那听起来真的令人厌烦。
sound用作系动词，后接like构成短语sound like，意为“听起来像”
（2）Your decision sounds like a good one.
你的决定听起来很好。
sound作系动词后接形容词作表语的还有look, smell, taste, feel等。
六. 课文解析 SA 3a
Class 9 had a great time on the school trip. They went to Blue Water
Aquarium for the day. First they visited the Vistors’
Center and watched about sharks. Then they watched a dolphin show. After that,
they went to the Outdoor Pool and saw a big octopus. After lunch, they went to
the Gift Shop and bought lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, they took the
bus back to school. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy
because the students cleaned the bus after the trip.
1. had （have）a great / good time.
玩得愉快。
2. trip n. 意为“旅行”它的同义词有tour, travel
trip指短距离的旅行，常回到原出发地，不强调旅行的方式或目的。
tour指“周游”，“巡回旅行”，常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地。
travel常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体的目的地。
eg: Our friends are making a tour of Shanghai.
我们的朋友正对上海进行巡回旅行。
He came back home after years of foreign travel.
在多年的国外旅行后他回了家。
3. Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.
最后，他们虽然很累，但他们很高兴，他们乘坐公共汽车返回了学校。
七. 重点句型：
1. Did you go to the zoo?
2. No, I didn’t. I went to the aquarium.
3. Did you see any seals?
4. Yes, I saw some seals.
5. Were there any sharks?
6. No, there weren’t any sharks.